French Logical Connectors B2: Cause and Consequence

Logical connectors are the backbone of an argumentative text at B2 level. They let you link ideas with coherence and precision. In the DELF B2, using connectors correctly and with variety is one of the most important assessment criteria, both in written and spoken production.

Connectors of cause at B2 level

To introduce a cause: car (for, since — coordinating), parce que (because — subordinating), puisque (since — introduces a known cause), vu que / étant donné que (given that), en raison de + noun (due to), grâce à + noun (thanks to, positive cause), à cause de + noun (because of, negative cause).

Connectors of consequence at B2 level

To express a consequence: donc (therefore), ainsi (thus), par conséquent (consequently, more formal), c'est pourquoi (that is why), de ce fait (as a result), si bien que (so much so that), de sorte que + subjunctive/indicative, tellement... que (so... that).

Connectors of contrast and concession at B2 level

To express contrast: mais (but), cependant (however), néanmoins (nevertheless), pourtant (yet), en revanche (on the other hand), or (now — introduces an argument that qualifies the previous one). For concession: bien que + subjunctive, quoique + subjunctive, malgré + noun (despite), même si + indicative.

Practice exercises